The most common causes of pink eye (conjunctivitis) are:
• Infections (viral or bacterial)
• Allergies
• Irritation from something in the environment
Viral infection is the most common cause of conjunctivitis. This same virus produces the familiar red and watery eyes, sore throat and runny nose of the common cold. Symptoms of conjunctivitis can last from one to two weeks and then will disappear on their own. Discomfort, however, can be minimized with cool compresses applied to the eyes.
Bacterial infections, such as Staphylococcus or Streptococcus, cause a red eye that has a lot of pus. Some bacterial infections, however, may be ongoing infections that produce little or no discharge except for some mild crusting of the eyelashes in the morning. Antibiotic eyedrops are typically used to treat bacterial conjunctivitis.
Allergic conjunctivitis in not infectious or contagious. It occurs when the body is exposed to something that causes an allergic reaction, such as pollen or pet dander, and is often seasonal. Symptoms include redness, itching, burning, tearing, enlarged vessels in the sclera (white part of the eye) and puffy eyelids. Treatment often includes applying cool compresses to the eyes and taking antihistamines.
Environmental irritants, such as smoke or fumes, may also cause conjunctivitis. The symptoms are usually similar to those of allergic conjunctivitis.
How do you get pink eye?
Conjunctivitis, whether bacterial or viral, can be quite contagious if it is infectious. Some of the most common ways to get the contagious form of pink eye:
- Reusing handkerchiefs and towels when wiping your face and eyes
- Forgetting to wash your hands often
- Touching your eyes
- Using old cosmetics, and/or sharing them with other people
- Not cleaning your contact lenses properly
Children are usually most susceptible to getting pink eye from bacteria or viruses because they are in close contact with so many others in school or day care centers.
Generally, conjunctivitis is easily treated. However, if symptoms continue for an extended period of time after treatment, you should have your eyes examined by your ophthalmologist (Eye M.D.), as these symptoms may indicate a more serious eye problem. Several eye diseases can cause red eye, some of which can lead to blindness unless diagnosed and treated.
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